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Date: April 28, 2024 Sun
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czech republic
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czech republic
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58 total results foundAuthor: Cernik, Jan Title: Pilot Research of the Environment of Trafficking in Human Beings on the Territory of the Czech Republic (December 2004 - February 2005) Summary: This report examines the issue of human trafficking in the Czech Republic, with an emphasis on the involvement of organized crime groups. Details: Prague: International Organization for Migration, 2005. 134p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 7, 2010 at: http://www.iom.hu/PDFs/Pilot%20Research%20on%20the%20Environment%20of%20THB%20in%20Czech%20Rep.pdf Year: 2005 Country: Czech Republic Keywords: Human Trafficking Shelf Number: 113435 |
Author: Muka, Ondrej Title: Kriminalita motivovaná nenávistí ve světle právních a faktických opatření v ČR -- Combating Hate Crime in the Czech republic Summary: Even the Czech society begins to face new problems on the threshold of the 21st century – a hate crime. In connection to the international relations liberalization after the year 1989, free movement of material possessions, ideas, services and people, the Czech society is put on new influences brought along such processes. The fallen yoke of the communist dictatorship released a “democratic” powerhouse of new or out-of-way and pent-up ideas not always leading to a model of the community tolerant solidarity. The liberal capitalism and globalization processes connected to an access to new technologies opened up a way to spreading not only new views and movements but also a detachment of the entire social groups inclining to certain models of behaviour, thinking and feeling. Such new relief is necessary to be observed and analysed in a thorough manner in order not to have the forms arisen directed to suppression of fundamental human rights and freedoms. One of such phenomena is also the hate crime. We speak about the hate crime in relation to growing number of racist, ethnic, religious or otherwise intolerantly motivated crimes. This is one of a number of chapters accompanying the aforementioned processes. A number of measures were adopted and implemented in the Czech Republic within fighting such crimes and tend to be a part of superior problems, the so-called “extremism”. The crimes motivated by racist intolerance or hate, crimes motivated by ethnic intolerance or hate, crimes motivated by religious intolerance or hate and crimes motivated by other type of intolerance or hate are those belonging among crimes with an extremist implication. It specifically concerns the following merits of cases under The Criminal Code: violation of copyright, violation of rights relating to copyright and rights to database (Section 152), assault of a public officer (Section 155 and Section 156), perjury (Section 174), violence against a group of persons and individual (Section 196 and Section 197(a)), defamation of nation, race and belief (Section 198), incitement and promotion of hatred against a group of persons or limitation of their rights and freedoms (Section 198(a)), dissemination of false news (Section 199), rioting (Section 202), murder (Section 219), aggravated battery (Section 221 and Section 222), robbery (Section 234), extortion (Section 235), infringement of the freedom of worship (Section 236), forcible entry into dwelling (Section 238), harm done to a thing of another person (Section 257) and support and promotion of movements directing to suppression of rights and freedoms of a human being (Section 260, Section 261 and Section 261(a)). Details: Prague, Czech Helsinki Committee, 2008. 70p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 10, 2012 at: http://www.helcom.cz/download/sborniky/CHV_HateCrime.pdf Year: 2008 Country: Czech Republic Keywords: Bias Crimes Shelf Number: 124920 |
Author: Karabec, Zdenek Title: Criminal Justice System in the Czech Republic Summary: For several years, the European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control, affiliated with the United Nations (HEUNI) has carried out an ambitious project of providing comparative information on criminal justice systems in various countries. Within this project, HEUNI has published, for instance, studies on criminal justice in Italy, France, Finland, the Netherlands, Sweden, Ireland, England and Wales, Canada, Spain, Bulgaria, and Greece. As part of the aforementioned project, the Institute of Criminology and Social Prevention also produced such a study on the criminal justice system in the Czech Republic. In order to retain the comparative value of information drawn from various countries, it was necessary, when producing the study, to follow the outline and content delimited by HEUNI. This, of course, predetermined the way the authors approached the study, as well as the aspects of Czech criminal justice they focused on. Since the first publication of this study, almost ten years have passed, marked by the recodification process which is still going on as part of the reform of Czech justice. Several important changes have taken place in the area of criminal justice, too. Especially the adoption of the new Criminal Code can be seen as a major event reflecting the development of the theory and practice of criminal law. Therefore some passages of the original study have been revised or supplemented wherever it was necessary with regard to the changes in legislation, development of statistical data or outcomes of criminological research. Details: Prague: Institute of Criminology and Social Prevention, 2011. 109p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 16, 2012 at: http://www.ok.cz/iksp/docs/386.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Czech Republic Keywords: Criminal Justice Reform Shelf Number: 125622 |
Author: Csete, Joanne Title: A Balancing Act: Policymaking on Illicit Drugs in the Czech Republic Summary: In the early post-Soviet period, Czech authorities, unlike their counterparts in some former Eastern Bloc countries, turned away from repressive drug policies and developed approaches to illicit drugs that balanced new freedoms with state authority. The end of Soviet rule meant that drug markets and the use of a wide range of new drugs attained a magnitude and visibility not previously known to Czech society. From an early stage, some pioneering health professionals with expertise in drug addiction saw that the new drug situation would require greatly expanded services for drug users and collaboration between civil society and government to achieve this expansion. They were able to influence the new government and steer it toward drug policy that would define drug use as a multisectoral problem, not an issue for policing alone. The report A Balancing Act: Policymaking on Illicit Drugs in the Czech Republic traces the development of drug policy in the Czech Republic from the post-Soviet period to the present day. The report examines the impact of the Czech Republic’s evidence based approach to drug policy, compares the country’s path on drug policy to that of its neighbour Slovakia and discusses challenges to maintaining this approach in the future. Details: New York: Open Society Foundations, 2012. 54p. Source: Lessons for Drug Policy Series: Internet Resource: Accessed August 1, 2012 at http://www.soros.org/sites/default/files/A_Balancing_Act-03-14-2012.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Czech Republic Keywords: Drug Abuse Treatment (Czech Republic) Shelf Number: 125821 |
Author: Center for the Study of Democracy Title: Trends in Radicalisation that May Lead to Violence: National Background Report, Czech Republic Summary: Few would dispute the risks associated with the existence of extremism and radicalism. While not all extremists necessarily turn to political violence this dangerous pathway cannot be ruled out, as reminded by numerous acts of political violence worldwide. This national study on the Czech Republic aims to contribute to a better understanding of extremism and radicalism and the road that leads individuals and groups to radical views and social identities. The study provides background empirical data about the development and the state of extremism in the Czech Republic to both professionals in the field and experts interested in advancing further research. Details: Sofia, Bulgaria: Center for the Study of Democracy, 2015. 89p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 13, 2016 at: http://www.csd.bg/artShow.php?id=17573 Year: 2015 Country: Czech Republic Keywords: Extremism Shelf Number: 139415 |
Author: Brabenec, Tomas Title: Criminals and the Price System: Evidence from Czech Metal Thieves Summary: Abstract Objectives: This paper tests the economic theory of criminal behavior. Specifically, it looks at “the carrot” side of the theory, studying how thieves react to changes in monetary gains from crime. Methods: Using a unique crime-level dataset on metal theft in the Czech Republic, we study thieves’ behavior in a simple regression framework. We argue that variation in metal prices represents a quasi-experimental variation in gains from crime. It is because (i) people steal copper and other nonferrous metals only to sell them to scrapyard and (ii) prices at scrapyards are set by the world market. This facilitates causal interpretation of our regression estimates. Results: We find that a one-percent increase (decrease) in the re-sale price causes metal thefts to increase (decrease) by one to 1.5 percent. We show that the relationship between prices and thefts is very robust. Moreover, we find that thieves’ responses to price shocks are rapid and consistent. Conclusions: Our results are in line with the economic model of crime, wherein criminal behavior is modeled as a rational agent's decision driven by the costs and benefits of undertaking criminal activities. Our estimates are also consistent with recent results from the United Kingdom, suggesting these patterns are more general. Details: Unpublished paper, 2017. 45p. Source: Internet Resource: CERGE-EI Working Paper Series No. 558: Accessed March 17, 2017 at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2873744 Year: 2017 Country: Czech Republic Keywords: Crime and Opportunity Shelf Number: 144493 |
Author: Dusek, Libor Title: Time to Punishment: The Effects of Shorter Criminal Procedure on Crime Rates Summary: A shorter and simpler criminal procedure may affect crime rates by increasing the perceived severity of punishment and by inducing a reallocation of police enforcement resources. I investigate the impacts of a criminal procedure reform in the Czech Republic that allowed certain less serious offenses to be prosecuted via a simplified (fast-track) procedure. The share of cases actually prosecuted via the fast-track procedure varied substantially across police districts and offenses, which provides the basis for the identification strategy. The shorter procedure had very different effects on ordinary crimes reported by the victims and on crimes that are identified mostly by the enforcement effort of the police. Specifically, it led to a substantial increase in the number of recorded criminal offenses associated with driving. This finding is best rationalized by a reallocation of police enforcement effort towards crimes that have low enforcement costs. I also find some but rather weak evidence of a deterrent effect on burglary and embezzlement. Details: Prague: University of Economics, Prague, 2013. 26p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 13, 2017 at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2334591 Year: 2013 Country: Czech Republic Keywords: Crime Rates Shelf Number: 131359 |
Author: Dusek, Libor Title: The Effects of a Simpler Criminal Procedure: Evidence from One Million Czech Cases Summary: The paper estimates the effects of a simpler criminal procedure on case durations and the probabilities that the defendant is charged and convicted. The identification strategy exploits a quasi-natural experiment in district-level implementation of criminal procedure reform in the Czech Republic. The reform allowed petty offenses to be prosecuted via a simplified (fast-track) procedure. We find very strong evidence that prosecuting a case via the fast-track procedure reduces the duration of the police/prosecutor phase of the procedure and increases the probability that the prosecutor charges the suspect at court. To a lesser extent, it also reduces the duration of the court phase of the procedure and increases the probability of conviction at trial. The fast-track procedure released resources that could potentially be spent on prosecuting serious cases. We investigate for possible spillover effects but find no evidence of their presence. Our estimates suggest that specialization of prosecutors and court senates decreased after the reform, possibly mitigating indirect efficiency gains from the reform. Details: International School of Economics, Kazakh-British Technical University, 2016. 56p. Source: Internet Resource: ISE Working Paper No. 1: Accessed May 16, 2017 at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2629116 Year: 2016 Country: Czech Republic Keywords: Courts Shelf Number: 145486 |
Author: Walach, Vaclav Title: Lifecycle of a Hate Crime. Country Report for the Czech Republic Summary: The objective of this research was to determine how hate crimes are investigated and punished in the Czech Republic (CR). This was achieved by analysing the experiences of individual actors in the criminal proceedings for this type of crime. Our corpus of data included the following categories of informants: offenders, victims, defense attorneys, public prosecutors, and judges. Additional sources of data consisted primarily of secondary literature (legislation, by-laws, concept documents, legal analyses, etc.). The project focus suggested a specific approach to the data construction. It is relatively difficult to gain access to the population for each of the categories in the hate crime research corpus. Informants within the justice system (public prosecutors and judges) are small in number and, additionally, are restricted by regulations imposed by superior bodies. In practice, this meant that potential informants could not be contacted directly, but only by submitting a formal request to individual courts and public prosecutors' offices. Access to these people was further complicated by the fact that, in the CR, hate crimes constitute a relatively narrow slice of criminal activity, and particular informants who deal with this activity are difficult to identify in advance (see below). To target these individuals, then, we relied upon help from the institutions representing individual categories of informants. Attorneys who had represented hate crime offenders or their victims in the past were also difficult to gain access to. Because no records are kept of these individuals, we were forced to identify potential informants in advance using our prior experience, or by analyzing court judgments or media content. This already reduced sample size shrank further with the frequent refusal of those contacted to take part in the research for a number of reasons. It was similarly difficult to gain access to offenders and victims of hate crime. Data protection laws, which mandate that personal data concerning offenders and victims be anonymized in judicial records provided to the public, have rendered the population in these two categories invisible. It was therefore necessary to approach these individuals via the prisons and probation institutions responsible for monitoring the offenders, along with organizations focused on helping hate crime victims. Identifying and Contacting Informants Informants were identified and contacted in two phases During the first phase, we contacted the lead organizations for the justice system, legal representation, and the prisons-the Czech Judicial Union (CJU), the Supreme Public Prosecutor's Office (SPPO), the Judicial Academy (JA), the Czech Bar Association (CBA) and the General Directorate of the Prison Service (GDPS). We anticipated that they would provide access to experts in the justice system, legal profession, and to offenders. But with the exception of the GDPS, none of these institutions mediated contact with any of the informants officially. Also unsuccessful was an attempt to make mass contact with all lawyers via the CBA. There was no response to requests posted on the CBA's website or in their official magazine, Bulletin Advokacie. For this reason, we embarked upon the second phase of contact and identification, this time primarily employing personal contacts, along with an analysis of court decisions in hate crime cases and a media analysis of cases in which hate crime was mentioned. The task of identifying appropriate informants, however, clearly differed based upon the type of actor being contacted. Details: Prague: in IUSTITIA, o.p.s., 2017. 124p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed may 2, 2018 at: https://www.iccl.ie/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Life-Cycle-of-a-Hate-Crime-Country-Report-for-Czech-Republic-English.pdf Year: 2017 Country: Czech Republic Keywords: Bias-Motivated Crime Shelf Number: 149974 |
Author: Zeman, Petr, ed. Title: Research on Crime and Criminal Justice in the Czech Republic (selected results of research activities of IKSP in the years 2012-2015) Summary: The Institute of Criminology and Social Prevention (IKSP) is a research organisation under the Czech Ministry of Justice. It is engaged in research, study and analysis in the fields of criminology, criminal law, penal and security policy. IKSP's unique position is given by the fact it is the only specialised institution in the Czech Republic engaged in the systematic development of criminological research. The Institute was founded in 1960, making it the second oldest criminological institute in Europe. Its research and analysis focuses on areas such as the effectiveness of criminal law and other measures aimed at reducing crime, victimology, penology, crime prevention or the manifestations and causes of crime and related socio-pathological phenomena. IKSP's activity is based on MiddleTerm Plans of Research Activities, which express basic thematic strands of its research over four-year periods and include the main research tasks (projects) to meet these objectives. The duration of these research projects is typically 3-4 years. In addition to the research tasks listed in the Middle-Term Plan, IKSP also performs a range of other activities corresponding to its field of specialization. It provides the Czech Ministry of Justice and other state authorities and institutions with information and other material in the areas of criminology, criminal justice and penal policy for the performance of their tasks, and proposes policy, legislative, organizational and other measures in these areas. It organizes professional events such as seminars, conferences and workshops alone or in cooperation with other organizations and institutions, and participates in the life of both the domestic and international scientific community. IKSP's employees are involved in the professional training of police officers, public prosecutors, judges, probation officers and prison service staff, and are also involved in teaching criminology and related subjects at Czech universities. To disseminate IKSP's research results and other findings in the field of criminology and criminal justice, the Institute publishes its own edition of professional literature comprising two publications series - STUDIES and SOURCES. In the STUDIES series it publishes the results of original IKSP's research and in the SOURCES series it publishes Czech translations of relevant international legal regulations, international documents, foreign research studies and other important legal and criminological materials. Each year, IKSP elaborates and publishes an analysis of the trends of crime and its selected types in the Czech Republic. It also contributes to the development of criminology in the Czech Republic through the elaboration and publication of methodology handbooks for criminological research. The research tasks included in the Middle-Term Plan, however, are the most important part of IKSP's activities. This involves original criminological research that systematically brings new findings that can be used to both the development of a theoretical base in the field and the formulation of specific policy, legislative, organisational, situational and other measures in the area of penal policy. This publication aims to present the results of IKSP's research conducted under the preceding Middle-Term Plan to foreign colleagues and interested parties who do not understand Czech. The IKSP's Middle-Term Plan of Research Activities for 2012-2015 determined the following basic thematic strands of research: (a) the needs of society in the field of criminal and sanctions policy and resulting suggestions for changes in penal legislation, better law enforcement, and improvement of the system of sanctions; (b) serious forms of crime presenting significant security risks for the state (organised crime, corruption, economic crime, inter-ethnic conflicts, migration, extremism, violent crime, crime and social pathology associated with drugs), including risks arising from opening up society and phenomena related to globalisation; (c) trends in crime, its selected forms and related socio-pathological phenomena, offenders and victims of crime; (d) possibilities and methods of prevention, evaluation of the effectiveness of prevention programmes and methods. These thematic strands were addressed in 2012-2015 through eleven research projects. Their results have become the basis for, inter alia, more than two tens of monographs by IKSP's employees published in the Institute's internal edition in recent years. This publication provides English summaries of these monographs, broken down into individual research projects as part of which they were prepared. This follows similar English-language overviews of IKSP's research results under previous Middle-Term Plans issued in 2003, 2005, 2009 and 2012, which are available on the Institute's website (www.kriminologie.cz). Details: Prague: Institute of Criminology and Social Prevention, 2017. 170p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 19, 2018 at: http://www.ok.cz/iksp/docs/440.pdf Year: 2017 Country: Czech Republic Keywords: Criminal Justice Research Shelf Number: 150271 |
Author: Thimanna, Sanchia Title: ECPAT Country Overview: Czechia Summary: Czechia is a central European country with a population of 10.7 million of which 1.8 million are children. Although a high-income country ranking 27th on the Human Development Index, poverty driven by socioeconomic inequality and ethnic discrimination continues to persist in Czechia. Children belonging to marginalized groups often live in excluded localities with substandard housing and drop out of school early to escape from discrimination entrenched in the education system. These factors contribute to making children highly vulnerable to sexual exploitation. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of reported cases of exploitation of children in prostitution in Czechia, including those of very young children. High rates of Internet and mobile phone use among children in the country have facilitated online child sexual exploitation, by making it easier for perpetrators to establish contact with them. The sharing of self-generated sexual content among children is also a matter of growing concern. Czechia continues to be a source, transit and destination country for human trafficking, with children comprising more than half of the identified victims of sale and trafficking for sexual purposes. The risk of sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism is of grave importance, particularly in light of the exponential increase in the number travellers and tourists in the country. An emerging trend of cross-border trafficking for the purpose of fraudulent marriages has also put children in Czechia at risk. The country has ratified the main legal instruments to combat the sexual exploitation of children (SEC), including the Convention on the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography, as well as the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (Palermo Protocol). Czechia is also part of a number of international and regional commitments addressing SEC, such as the Sustainable Development Goals and the WePROTECT Global Alliance to End Child Sexual Exploitation Online. However, amendments to the national legislation are yet to be made for the definitions of all SEC-related offences to align with the ratified instruments and commitments. Further, loopholes in the legal framework need to be fixed in order to protect children above 15 years of age. Czechia does not have a national strategy or coordination body specifically addressing SEC. Some aspects of SEC are addressed within broader national strategies by different government bodies, mainly the Ministry of Interior and the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs. The trafficking of children has been prioritized in the National Strategy to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings 2016-2019. Efforts have been made by the government to implement prevention measures through raising awareness, with much focus on safer Internet use by children. In terms of children's access to justice, Czechia does not have an Ombudsperson for Children to receive and resolve complaints made by children. Nevertheless, several child-sensitive measures have been put in place, including trainings for law enforcement personnel on how to communicate with child victims in specially designed hearing rooms. Czechia does not have specific recovery and reintegration services for victims of SEC, and could benefit from having clearer avenues for child victims to seek compensation. Although there has been progress in children's participation in matters of governance, efforts must be made to involve child victims and survivors in order to take their needs and interests into consideration while designing policies. Details: Bangkok: ECPAT International, 2019. 32p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 20, 2019 at: https://www.ecpat.org/news/czechia-child-sexual-exploitation-through-prostitution-reaches-new-high/ecpat-country-overview-czechia-czech-republic-2019/ Year: 2019 Country: Czech Republic Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Shelf Number: 155932 |
Author: Brabenec, Tomas Title: Criminals and the Price System: Evidence from Czech Metal Thieves Summary: People steal copper and other nonferrous metals to sell them to scrap yard. Simultaneously, prices at scrap yards are set by the world market. We argue that shocks in metal prices represent a quasi-experimental variation in gains from crime. This allows us to estimate the behavioral parameters of supply of offenses and test the economic theory of criminal behavior. Our estimates suggest that the long-term elasticity of supply of metal thefts with respect to the re-sale value of stolen metal is between unity and 1.5. Moreover, the system tends to equilibriate quickly - between 30 and 60 percent of a disequilibrium is corrected the following month and the monthly price elasticity estimates are around unity. Details: Prague, Czech Republic: Charles University Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Economics Institute, 2016. 37p. Source: Internet Resource Working Paper Series: Accessed June 5, 2019 at: https://www.cerge-ei.cz/pdf/wp/Wp558.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Czech Republic Keywords: Costs of Crime Shelf Number: 155869 |